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Even in conditions when Japanese persons are fairly optimistic that one thing is true, they usually maintain again on expressing claims. Much like how one would possibly use a layer of wrapping paper to cover what is de facto inside a package deal, when talking Japanese, Japanese audio system recurrently encase their assertions in language that means they are not positive about it. To swimsuit this social custom, Japanese affords quite a lot of grammatical phrases for various levels of certainty.
For instance, contemplate a situation the place you arrive at work within the morning, and a coworker asks you whether or not you left a doc on her desk final evening. You didn’t do this, however you consider one other coworker, Tanaka-san, could have. That is what you’ll be able to say:
- 田中さん[かな / かも / な気がする / だと思う]。
- It may be Tanaka-san.
These 4 phrases are offered so as of diploma of certainty: from least sure to most sure. Though 4 would possibly look like sufficient, that is merely the tip of the iceberg. Japanese has much more comparable expressions, and understanding them is essential for talking the language in a extra Japanese-like method.
To help you in utilizing Japanese in a manner that probably sounds extra Japanese, this text discusses these phrases so as of diploma of certainty. Are you able to study them? Possibly? Maybe? Properly, it appears you might be prepared, I suppose. So, let’s get the ball rolling!
Stipulations: This text assumes you already know hiragana and katakana. If you should brush up, take a look at our Final Hiragana Information and Final Katakana Information.
Notes: This text concentrates extra on the subtleties of every time period, significantly in unusual talking or writing. Some expressions may not be acceptable in formal writing, similar to educational writing, as formal writing tends to require a inflexible and assertive fashion usually.
A Large Image Take a look at Diploma of Certainty Phrases
As talked about within the introduction, there are many methods to convey your assumptions in Japanese. All of those expressions are for “judgments” made in gentle of the obtainable data. The knowledge of the judgment, nevertheless, might be totally different relying on how a lot data the speaker is aware of, and the way a lot they depend on it to make judgments, in addition to whether or not or not they reached their assumption subjectively or objectively.
To assist your understanding, this is a chart to point out you a tough thought of the understanding degree and the way subjectivity or objectivity every time period sounds:
“Sure” and “unsure” ought to be fairly self-explanatory, however what do I imply by “subjective” or “goal”? Principally, the extra “subjective” a time period is, the extra closely it is primarily based by yourself assumptions and instinct, whereas extra “goal” phrases rely a bit extra on outdoors data or previous experiences along side your personal ideas.
Don’t fret in case you aren’t acquainted with these actual expressions but, although — we will go over them one after the other. Additionally, in case you really feel like this desk is lacking another phrases you already know, similar to 多分 (maybe) or きっと (absolutely), relaxation assured that I will be masking them on this article as effectively, however in a separate part on the backside!
Expressions For Conveying a Low Stage of Certainty
To start out, let’s introduce expressions for conveying the bottom degree of certainty.
〜かな for “I Surprise…”
To precise your feeling of uncertainty, you should utilize 〜かな. 〜かな is the equal of the English phrase “I’m wondering…” It is typically used with a notion or a hypothetical situation that has come to thoughts, and implies that it is best to take it with a pinch of salt.
For instance, in case you sneeze and also you surprise when you have a chilly, you’ll be able to stick 〜かな onto 風邪 (chilly) and say:
- 風邪かな。
- I’m wondering if I’ve a chilly.
Right here, 〜かな expresses that whilst you assume you may need a chilly, you might be nonetheless uncertain and are questioning about it.
You can too connect かな to an extended sentence. For example, in case you surprise you could develop a fever, you would say:
- 熱が出るかな。
- I’m wondering if I am getting a fever.
In a manner, 〜かな is type of like asking your self a query, and thus it is thought-about a casual expression.
Once more, on this instance, 〜かな signifies that although you are afraid of getting a fever, you might be nonetheless uncertain and questioning about it.
Because of its nature, 〜かな lacks the well mannered type. To precise this type of hypothesis when talking to somebody in a well mannered method, you’ll be able to as a substitute use 〜ですかね or 〜ますかね, or the extra formal 〜でしょうか(ね).
- 風邪[ですかね / でしょうか(ね)]。
- I’m wondering if I’ve a chilly.
(Actually: Do you assume I’ve a chilly?)
- 熱[出ますかね / 出るでしょうか(ね)]。
- I’m wondering if I am growing a fever.
(Actually: Do you assume I’ll develop a fever?)
Right here, です and ます are the marker for the politeness, か is the query particle, and ね is the confirmation-seeking particle. And, でしょう is without doubt one of the grammar factors used to precise hypothesis. When you aren’t acquainted with them, try the linked pages!
〜かもしれない for “Might” or “May”
〜かもしれない is the Japanese equal of “could” or “would possibly.” It communicates the implication that one thing could also be true, however you are not utterly positive. In different phrases, it refers to your guess when there isn’t any concrete proof to help it.
Let’s use the identical situation of you sneezing. As a substitute of “you surprise,” you assume you may need a chilly. On this case, you should utilize 〜かもしれない and say:
- 風邪かもしれない。
- I may need a chilly.
Right here, 〜かもしれない exhibits that even in case you suspect that you just may need a chilly, you are not so positive. When you’re very sure that your sneeze is being attributable to a chilly, you should not use 〜かもしれない.
Word that 〜かもしれない is usually shortened to simply 〜かも in informal dialog, or in self-directed speech. So in case you now have some chills and are telling your member of the family that you just would possibly develop a fever, it’s normal to drop しれない and say:
- 熱が出るかも。
- I could develop a fever.
Though it’s grammatically incorrect, some folks use 〜かも with です to lend a way of informal politeness. So in case you’re telling one in every of your superiors at work that you just’re pleasant with that you just would possibly get a fever, you would say:
- 熱が出るかもです。
- I could develop a fever.
Nonetheless, you’d use the right well mannered type, 〜かもしれません, in case you have been talking to a different senior worker with whom you’ve got a stiff, sq. relationship.
- 熱が出るかもしれません。
- I could develop a fever.
Alright, you have most likely had sufficient of 〜かもしれない expressions, so let’s transfer onto the subsequent expression!
〜気がする for “I Have A Feeling…”
〜気がする actually interprets to “have a sense,” and it is used to precise that you just aren’t sure however “you’ve got a sense that one thing may be the case.”
Since 〜気がする signifies that you’ve a hunch about one thing, it sounds barely extra sure than 〜かな (I’m wondering) or 〜かもしれない (possibly/would possibly). Nonetheless, the understanding degree of this expression continues to be low, as a result of it solely conveys a sense or guess primarily based on instinct, reasonably than recognized info.
Let’s reuse the sneezing instance to see the way it works. After an enormous achoo, in case you intuitively assume “Oh, I could have a chilly,” then you should utilize 〜気がする and say:
- 風邪引いた気がする。
- I’ve a sense that I’ve a chilly.
Right here, 〜気がする expresses that whilst you get the sensation that you’ve a chilly, there is no stable proof to help this.
What in case you’ve been experiencing chills and need to inform your boss that you just sense a fever is coming subsequent? On this circumstance, you should utilize the well mannered 〜気がします and say:
- 熱が出そうな気がします。
- I’ve a sense that I could develop a fever.
As soon as extra, 〜気がします demonstrates that whilst you do have a sneaking suspicion that you could be get a fever, there is no concrete proof to again this up.
Alright, now that we have coated all of the low certainty expressions (aside from adverbs, which we’ll study later), let’s transfer on to the expressions for conveying a medium degree of certainty!
Expressions For Conveying a Medium Stage of Certainty
On this part, we’ll talk about expressions that convey a medium degree of certainty. You would possibly use these whenever you assume you’ve got some proof to help your argument, nevertheless it stays a matter of conjecture, and you do not need to assert ideas too strongly.
〜っぽい for “Like…,” “-ish,” or “It Appears…”
〜っぽい is a slang-ish suffix that expresses similarity, as in “(really feel) like…,” or “-ish” in English. For instance, in case you really feel like you’ve got a chilly, you’ll be able to say:
- 風邪っぽい。
- I really feel like that I’ve a chilly.
And in case you’re feverish, and also you need to report that to your boss, you’ll be able to add the well mannered です and say:
- 熱っぽいです。
- I really feel feverish.
In these examples, 〜っぽい casually signifies that you’ve some signs of a chilly or fever, however you do not essentially know when you have an precise chilly or fever.
〜っぽい may comply with the scenario wherein you assume it is doubtless true primarily based in your statement, like:
- 風邪引いたっぽいです。
- It looks as if I’ve a chilly.
On this case, 〜っぽい provides a way of ambiguity, like “Given the signs, it is doubtless I’ve a chilly, nevertheless it’s not a 100% positive factor.”
〜みたい for “Like…” or “It Appears…”
Much like 〜っぽい, 〜みたい is a suffix that expresses similarity or resemblance to one thing else. For example, in case you discover a yellow tomato that tastes like or seems like a banana, you’ll be able to say:
- バナナみたい。
- This is sort of a banana.
Relying on the scenario, using 〜みたい right here means that the yellow tomato has a taste or look that’s much like a banana.
In case you are curious, 〜みたい and 〜っぽい are comparable however distinct phrases. バナナみたい implies that you assume the tomato by some means resembles or is much like a banana, whereas バナナっぽい describes the tomato as having traits which can be type of like a banana.
Now, let’s swap 〜っぽい with 〜みたい within the earlier instance 風邪引いたっぽい。(It looks as if I’ve a chilly.), as in:
- 風邪引いたみたいです。
- It looks as if I’ve a chilly.
〜みたい and 〜っぽい are certainly very comparable, and have the identical translation when used on this manner. If I have been to be choosy, there are very small variations between the 2, although.
That’s, 〜みたい demonstrates your evaluation that your situation is similar to, if not the identical as having a chilly, whereas 〜っぽい exhibits that, given your present circumstance, you get a sense that you’ve a chilly.
Since 〜みたい signifies your evaluation, 風邪引いたみたいです is barely extra sure than 風邪引いたっぽいです. Nonetheless, as a result of ambivalence added by 〜みたい, 風邪引いたみたいです nonetheless presents the message that you just’re conscious that you just most likely have a chilly, however are coming to phrases with it.
〜だろう/〜でしょう for “I Guess Most likely…”
In case your speculation about one thing relies on opinions and views with some justifications, you should utilize the expression 〜だろう, or its well mannered type 〜でしょう, as in:
- 風邪だろうね。
- I assume that is most likely a chilly.
- 熱も出るでしょうね。
- I assume that they’re going to most likely develop a fever, too.
Right here, 〜だろう/でしょう suggests that you’re making a private guess that you just consider might be true, whereas additionally suggesting that it’s supported by some type of proof.
These phrases are usually used whereas making an statement and drawing your personal conclusions. Though it’s doable to make use of them to speak about your self, speaking about someone or one thing else is much extra typical.
One other factor to remember is that だろう, or its abbreviation だろ, has an unrefined and rugged tone as-is. This rough-hewn side works effectively whenever you’re making an affirmative assertion about your guess in writing or in a proper speech. In unusual talking, nevertheless, it sounds powerful and is usually thought-about masculine.
To melt the sound, the ultimate particle ね is often used with it, simply as within the examples above 〜だろうね. Then again, 〜でしょう is a really well mannered expression and is favored in formal conditions. Including ね to it, as in 〜でしょうね, could make it sound female, although it is used throughout the gender spectrum in formal settings.
For these nuances, each 〜だろう and 〜でしょう may not all the time be the popular selections in unusual conversations. As a substitute, many individuals select 〜と思う (I believe…) as a substitute to convey their assertion usually conditions. Talking of which, you’ll be able to simply scroll right down to see how 〜と思う is used!
〜と思う for “I Assume/Imagine…”
Whenever you draw a conclusion primarily based on some proof, and truly consider it is more likely to be true, you should utilize the expression 〜と思う (I believe/consider…), which is the mixture of the citation marker と and the verb 思う (to assume).
For instance, in case you not solely sneezed however have chills and fatigue, you could say:
- 風邪引いたと思う。
- I believe that I’ve a chilly.
Right here, 〜と思う expresses that you’ve some motive to again up your declare, and also you naturally got here to assume that is most likely the case.
Whenever you say 〜と思う, you might be merely expressing a thought, thought, or notion that simply occurred to you.
When you’re questioning why the phrase “naturally” was inserted there, good eye! Japanese has two verbs for “assume,” 思う and 考える. Between the 2, 思う refers to extra spontaneous pondering that bubbles up naturally “in your coronary heart,” whereas 考える is a extra methodical type of energetic pondering, which we’d say occurs “in your head.”
Now, let’s check out the above instance 風邪引いたと思う once more. Right here, the declare 風邪引いた (I caught/have a chilly) is a extremely satisfied sentence in and of itself (we’ll speak about this later too!), and what 〜と思う is doing is definitely softening the assertion by stating that it is the notion that naturally got here to you.
Because of this, the understanding of 〜と思う modifications relying on the sentence you connect it to. For instance, you’ll be able to lower the extent of certainty by including 〜かな (I’m wondering) or 〜かも(しれない) (could/would possibly) to the declare, like:
- 風邪引いた[かな / かも(しれない)]と思う。
- I believe that I could have a chilly.
On this case, 〜と思う softens the already obscure かな/かもしれない statements and makes them even much less sure. Then again, in case you add an adverb like 絶対 (positively), it turns into a powerful conviction:
- 絶対風邪引いたと思う。
- I believe that I positively have a chilly.
However once more, simply saying 絶対 風邪引いた with out 〜と思う is stronger, and what 〜と思う is actually softening the robust assertion.
This occurs in English too, however as was talked about at first, Japanese folks usually reserve making assertions about one thing until they’re absolutely sure that it’s correct. Consequently, you hear 〜と思う, or 〜気がする (I’ve a sense…), used with many Japanese remarks to assist the speaker really feel relaxed.
There was quite a bit on this part to absorb, huh? One last level: the well mannered type of 思う is 思います. So, use 思います when telling your ideas to somebody with whom you should converse to in a courteous method.
〜そう for “It Seems/Appears Like…”
You can too use 〜そう whenever you consider that one thing is about to occur, somebody goes to do one thing, or some situation may be the case. For instance, in case you really feel such as you would possibly develop a fever, you’ll be able to mix it with the verb 出る and say:
- 熱が出そう。
- It seems/looks as if I will develop a fever.
〜そう may also be used with adjectives, too. For instance, in case your good friend seen you were not feeling effectively, they may add 〜そう to an い-adjective しんどい and say:
- しんどそうだね。
- It seems/looks as if you are not feeling effectively.
As talked about earlier, 〜そう mainly interprets to “it seems/looks as if” in English. To place it one other manner, you should utilize this to easily describe what you assume goes to occur, primarily based in your statement of the current scenario.
Since 〜そう is mainly your report on what one thing “seems/looks as if” primarily based in your statement, its certainty degree is barely greater than different expressions we have realized to date. Nonetheless, it nonetheless implies that you just aren’t sure, so when speaking about what’s seemingly about to occur, it typically goes effectively with 〜気がする, as in:
- 熱が出そうな気がする。
- I’ve a sense that I’ll seemingly develop a fever.
Word that since 〜そう is an expression that is depending on what you might be observing on the time you are talking, you can’t use it to elucidate an occasion that occurred prior to now.
Expressions For Conveying a Excessive Stage of Certainty
Now you have realized all of the expressions for low and medium certainty, let’s transfer onto the high-certainty expressions.
〜はず for “Supposed To Be” or “Ought to Be”
When you assume that one thing is “supposed” to be or “ought to” be the case, foreseeably primarily based on goal, logical inference, the phrase 〜はず is available in play.
So when you have sneezed, get some chills, and foresee {that a} fever is about to develop, you’ll be able to say:
- 熱が出るはず。
- I ought to have a fever quickly.
Right here, 〜はず signifies that you just consider that it is extremely doubtless {that a} fever is coming quickly, and that perception relies on believable data.
And in case your assistant at work has some reminiscence of getting acetaminophen within the workplace cupboard, they might politely say:
- 薬があったはずです。
- There ought to be some medicine, if I bear in mind appropriately.
On this instance, 〜はず means that they’ve a reminiscence of getting some drugs, if their reminiscence is correct.
In different phrases, 〜はず signifies an excellent diploma of certainty, however not 100%. It conveys that you just assume or consider that one thing is the case, however that you just’re conscious that it isn’t essentially so.
〜に違いない for “Should”
Like 〜はず, 〜に 違いない additionally denotes a excessive diploma of certainty, nevertheless it implies that your personal subjective judgment is concerned to achieve the conclusion.
It is simpler to know the nuance of 〜に 違いない whereas evaluating it with 〜はず, so let’s convey again the sooner instance of you foreseeing an upcoming fever for comparability:
- 熱が出る[はず / に違いない]。
- I ought to have a fever quickly.
The implication right here could be very comparable, as each suggest that you have reached the belief that you’re extremely more likely to have a fever quickly, given that you just at the moment have sneezes and chills.
〜に違いない sounds extra assured and powerful than
〜はず, as a result of it conveys your private conviction on the conclusion.
The literal which means of 違いない is “no distinction” or “not a mistake.” It signifies that one thing is strictly what you assume with none distinction or inaccuracy.
Thus, the literal which means of the phrase 〜に違いない is “I affirm that XYZ is correct and proper in each side,” which after all conveys a really excessive diploma of certainty.
As you’ll be able to see, what 〜に違いない implies is sort of inflexible. Therefore, it is extra of a literary expression than colloquial.
Though 〜はず and 〜に違いない have been interchangeable within the above instance, due to the slight distinction in nuance, they cannot all the time be swapped. For example, resulting from its robust confidence, 〜に違いない can’t be used within the scenario the place you bear in mind one thing and it is extremely doubtless, however you are not 100% positive, like:
- 薬があった[はず(です) / ❌に違いない(です) / ❌に違いありません]。
- There ought to be some medicine, if I bear in mind appropriately.
When you use 〜に違いない, or its well mannered types 〜に違いないです or 〜に違いありません, within the above sentence, it could sound as in case you’re a detective or a some kind investigator — it is as in case you’re drawing conclusions in regards to the crime scene and asserting that some type of medicine should have been current at a particular location prior to now.
The bottom of your declare might be both info, information, and even simply your intuition, however with all the knowledge at your disposal, 〜に違いない expresses that you just can’t be sure that that would be the case.
For this connotation, detective characters in fiction could regularly make use of 〜に違いない in speech. Nonetheless, few folks need to sound like detectives in actual life, so to say the identical factor, folks usually use 〜と思う, or its well mannered 〜と思うんです or 〜と思います, with an adverb, similar to 絶対 (positively):
- 絶対薬があった[と思う / と思うんです / と思います]。
- I absolutely assume that there was some medicine.
We’ll quickly undergo all of the adverbs for various ranges of certainty. Earlier than shifting on, nevertheless, we now have one final expression for prime certainty to debate: the plain type.
Plain Kind for “Realization” or “Conviction”
The vast majority of textbooks do not point out this, however when Japanese folks have simply realized one thing or are lastly satisfied that one thing is the case, they usually simply state it utilizing the phrase in its most elementary “plain type.”
For instance, in case you sneeze and turn into satisfied that you’ve a chilly, you would possibly merely use the plain type and say:
- あ、風邪引いた(わ/な)。
- Oh, I’ve/acquired a chilly.
Then, in case you really feel a chill approaching and are sure a fever will begin, you’ll be able to say:
- うん、熱も出る(わ/な)。
- Yep, I am gonna have a fever.
Now suppose you genuinely begin feeling sick and have a excessive fever, and consider it is a flu. You would possibly say:
- インフルエンザだ(わ/な)。
- This have to be the flu.
These examples all have a plain type ending, both within the current or the previous tense. They’ll nonetheless take sentence-final particles which can be directed at your self, similar to わ (a judgment/sentiment marker) or な (a discovery marker). However even with out them, ending a sentence in a plain type sufficiently communicates your judgment or your discovery that one thing is true and that you’re assured in it.
You do not usually see the well mannered type on this use as a result of it is basically used for a self-directed realization or conviction. Nonetheless, you could use the well mannered type if you’re speaking to the viewers and talking in a well mannered method usually.
For example, in case you’re live-streaming your life and also you assume you’ve got a fever the second you have sneezed, you would say:
- あ、風邪引きました(ね)。
- Oh, I’ve/acquired a chilly.
Then, in case you really feel a chill and anticipate a fever approaching, you’ll be able to say:
- うん、熱も出ます(ね)。
- Yep, I am gonna have a fever.
After which, you really get actually sick and have turn into to assume you’ve got the flu, you would say:
- インフルエンザです(ね)。
- This have to be the flu.
As you’ll be able to see within the examples, it is customary to make use of the particle ね on this scenario to solicit viewers settlement, as in “do you agree with my realization?”
Okay, now that we have gone via each expression for certainty, all that is left is to have a look at adverbs! Do not be alarmed; since you have already realized a lot, I will solely briefly undergo every adverb. So, let’s carry on and get to the end line of this text collectively!
Adverbs For Completely different Ranges of Uncertainty
Along with the expressions realized above, there are adverbs that denote varied levels of uncertainty. These adverbs regularly go along with different expressions you beforehand realized, significantly with 思う, however the frequency of collocations is determined by the phrase.
As promised, we can’t go into nice element about every adverb on this half; as a substitute, I will record the fundamental adverbs for various ranges of uncertainty (sure, there are literally greater than our record!😅), clarify the fundamental definition, and probably the most frequent collocation.
なんだか or なんか for “Considerably” or “By some means”
なんだか, or its extra colloquial informal model なんか, is an adverb for “considerably” or by some means.” This expression regularly goes with 〜気がする, as in:
- なん(だ)か熱が出そうな気がする。
- By some means I’ve a sense that I could develop a fever.
By including なん(だ)か to the sentence with 〜気がする, it may well muddy up your already-murky intuitive guess and make it sound extra ambiguous.
もしかしたら for “Possibly” or “Maybe”
もしかしたら is an adverb for “possibly” or “maybe,” and it is used when presuming one thing with a level of doubt. This expression is usually used with 〜かも(しれない), as in:
- もしかしたら風邪引いたかもしれない。
- Possibly I may need a chilly.
Different adverbs like もしかすると, ひょっとしたら, or ひょっとすると specific an identical nuance, however もしかしたら is the commonest.
多分 for “Possibly,” “Maybe,” or “Most likely”
多分 is one other phrase for “possibly” or “maybe,” however its certainty degree is greater than もしかしたら and thus it mostly interprets as “most likely.”
Therefore, it is usually used with 〜だろう/でしょう or 〜と思う, as in:
- 多分風邪だろう。
- I assume it is most likely a chilly.
- 多分風邪引いたと思う。
- I believe I most likely have a chilly.
Nevertheless it may also be used with different expressions similar to 〜かな, 〜かも(しれない), or 〜はず.
恐らく for “Most likely”
恐らく additionally normally interprets to “most likely”, however its certainty degree is greater than 多分, and it is typically used to foretell a nasty final result sooner or later. Additionally, the tone is extra formal and literary, so it is best suited to formal conversations or in writing.
Due to this nuance, 恐らく is usually used with a really affirmative declare, accompanied by an inferring expression, similar to 〜だろう/でしょう or 〜と思う.
- 恐らく風邪だろう。
- I assume it is most likely a chilly.
- 恐らく風邪を引いたんだと思います。
- I believe I most likely have a chilly.
Within the above examples, the primary one feels like a written sentence or a blunt, self-directed thought, whereas the latter feels like a proper and well mannered speech.
きっと for “Most likely,” “Certainly,” or “Actually”
きっと is one other adverb that might translate to “most likely,” however its certainty degree is way greater than 多分 or 恐らく and thus it mostly interprets to “absolutely” or “actually.”
Therefore, it may be used with an inferring expression, similar to 〜だろう/でしょう or 〜と思う, however it may well additionally go effectively with the expressions like 〜はず or 〜に 違いない.
- きっと熱が出る[だろう / と思う]。
- I assume I will absolutely develop a fever.
- きっと熱が出る[はず / に違いない]。
- I am positive I will develop a fever.
Word that きっと additionally has different implications relying on the context. For instance, the next sentence can have two readings relying on the context.
- きっと元気になるよ！
- I am positive [I’ll / you’ll / they’ll] be higher quickly.
Right here, in case you’re speaking about your self, it expresses dedication — you are decided to be higher quickly. When speaking about another person, alternatively, it may well specific a powerful want — you actually hope they need to be higher quickly.
確実に or 絶対に for “Certainly,” “Actually,” or “Completely”
確実に and 絶対に are the phrases for “absolutely,” “actually,” or “completely,” and so they specific a really excessive diploma of certainty.
Therefore, they can be utilized with an inferring expression, similar to similar to 〜だろう/でしょう or 〜と思う, but in addition go effectively with expressions like 〜はず, 〜に 違いない.
- [確実に / 絶対に]熱が出る[だろう / と思う]。
- I assume I will actually develop a fever.
- [確実に / 絶対に]熱が出る[はず / に違いない]。
- I am positive I will actually develop a fever.
They usually additionally go effectively with the plain type when expressing “realization” or “conviction.”
- これ[確実に / 絶対に]インフルエンザだ。
- I am sure that is the flu.
Between the 2, 確実に facilities on “certainty” primarily based on the target incontrovertible fact that there are not any errors, modifications, and so forth., wheras 絶対に merely means “completely” and signifies being uncontested by something.
間違いなく for “Unmistakably” or “Undoubtedly”
One other adverb with a really excessive degree of certainty is 間違いなく, which signifies your unambiguous conviction and might translate “unmistakably” or “positively.”
It goes effectively with an inferring expression, similar to similar to 〜だろう/でしょう or 〜と思う or the plain type of a phrase that expresses “realization” or “conviction.”
- 間違いなく熱が出る[だろう / と思う]。
- I assume I will positively develop a fever.
- 間違いなく熱が出る(わ)。
- I am positive I will positively develop a fever.
Word that 間違いなく suggests that you’ve given your judgment that one thing is undeniably true primarily based on some data you’ve got. Consequently, it carries a extra formal tone when in comparison with 確実に and 絶対に, although it may well nonetheless be utilized in on a regular basis speech.
Fairly Probably the Conclusion
Whew! I do know that is a variety of data to cowl, however don’t fret if you have not memorized all of it but. This web page is usually a reference so that you can revisit many times till you have acquired all of it down.
Understand that the extent of certainty described on this article is simply an approximation, as the understanding conveyed can change relying on the context of the sentence, the one that makes use of the expression, and extra.
Lastly, like I discussed, notice that this text is simply the tip of the iceberg; Japanese has tons of various methods for making statements much less sure or extra obscure, together with layering a number of the above expressions, utilizing double negatives, or extra. Nonetheless, hopefully it is a good start line for including extra nuance to your personal Japanese, or serving to you perceive the extent of certainty that somebody is making an attempt to precise. Try to observe what kinds of statements Japanese persons are making in actual life and the context wherein they’re making these statements, and hopefully this type of nuance will turn into second nature to you.
Footnotes:
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